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The situation described illustrates a health information exchange. In this context, the primary care provider is using a computer system to access and share information from the hospital's information system regarding a patient diagnosed with pneumonia. The ability to retrieve and utilize patient data across different healthcare settings — such as a hospital and a primary care office — exemplifies the essence of health information exchange, which facilitates the sharing of health information to improve patient care and coordination.

While a clinical workflow refers to the sequence of steps in a clinical process, it is not specifically about information sharing between systems. A patient management system generally focuses on tracking patient care and interactions within a particular healthcare provider’s system, and is not necessarily about inter-system data sharing. An electronic health record, while it does involve patient data storage and retrieval, is more focused on the centralized documentation of individual patient’s health information rather than the exchange of that information with other providers. Hence, the correct identification of this scenario as a health information exchange highlights the critical role such systems play in holistic patient care.